{"id":2398,"date":"2016-05-08T22:59:09","date_gmt":"2016-05-08T14:59:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/?p=2398"},"modified":"2016-05-08T23:00:35","modified_gmt":"2016-05-08T15:00:35","slug":"%e8%a5%bf%e6%96%b9%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e5%8f%b2%ef%bc%9a%e5%ba%b7%e5%be%b7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/?p=2398","title":{"rendered":"\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\uff1a\u5eb7\u5fb7"},"content":{"rendered":"<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/A-History-of-Western-Philosophy.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-2211\" src=\"https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/A-History-of-Western-Philosophy-188x300.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 188px) 100vw, 188px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/A-History-of-Western-Philosophy-188x300.jpg 188w, https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/A-History-of-Western-Philosophy.jpg 288w\" alt=\"A History of Western Philosophy\" width=\"188\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td><em>A History of Western Philosophy<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Bertrand Russell<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u7f57\u7d20<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>9780415325059<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u5eb7\u5fb7\uff08<strong>Immanuel Kant<\/strong>\uff09\u662f18\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff08\u867d\u7136\u7f57\u7d20\u81ea\u5df1\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u8fd9\u4e48\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff09\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e66\u662f\u51fa\u7248\u4e8e1871\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u300b\uff08<strong>The Critique of Pure Reason<\/strong>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u5e76\u4e14\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e24\u7ec4\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5206\u6790\u547d\u9898 analytic proposition<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898 synthetic proposition<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5206\u6790\u547d\u9898\u662f\u6307\u8c13\u8bed\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u5728\u4e3b\u8bed\u5176\u4e2d\u4e86\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982&#8221;\u7b49\u8fb9\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u662f\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62&#8221;\uff1b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u547d\u9898\u5168\u90e8\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5148\u5929\u547d\u9898 a priori proposition<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7ecf\u9a8c\u547d\u9898 empirical proposition<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7ecf\u9a8c\u547d\u9898\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u6211\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\uff1b\u5148\u5929\u547d\u9898\u5219\u662f\u6307\u5149\u9760\u7ecf\u9a8c\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u547d\u9898\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u611f\u5b98\u77e5\u89c9\uff0c\u5148\u5929\u547d\u9898\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0bXXX\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e24\u7ec4\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u547d\u9898\u90fd\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5206\u6790\u547d\u9898\u90fd\u662f\u5148\u5929\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898\u548c\u5148\u5929\u547d\u9898\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u6839\u636e\u4f11\u8c1f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5148\u5929\u547d\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b97\u6570\u3001\u5730\u7406\u90fd\u662f\u65e2\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898\u53c8\u662f\u5148\u5929\u547d\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u501a\u8d56\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5730\u7406\u662f\u5148\u5929\u547d\u9898\u3002\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u662f&#8221;\u76f4\u89c2&#8221;\uff08Anschauung\uff09\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u670912\u79cd\u5148\u5929\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u7ec4\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u91cf\u7684\uff08\u5355\u4e00\u6027\u3001\u590d\u591a\u6027\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u6027\uff09\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u8d28\u7684\uff08\u5b9e\u5728\u6027\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u9650\u5236\u6027\uff09\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0e\u5076\u6027\u3001\u539f\u56e0\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff09\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u6837\u5f0f\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u3001\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7406\u6027\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<strong>\u5b9a\u8a00\u4ee4\u5f0f\uff08categorical imperative\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u6309\u89c4\u5f8b\u800c\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u6709\u7406\u6027\u7684\u751f\u7269\u624d\u6709\u6309\u7167\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u800c\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u5373\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u5bf9\u610f\u5fd7\u6709\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u79f0\u4e3a\u7406\u6027\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08command of the reason\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff08formula of the command\uff09\u53eb\u505a\u4ee4\u5f0f\uff08imperative\uff09\u3002\u4ee4\u5f0f\u5206\u4e3a\u5047\u8a00\u4ee4\u5f0f\uff08hypothetical imperative\uff09\u548c\u5b9a\u8a00\u4ee4\u5f0f\uff08categorical imperative\uff09\u3002\u5047\u8a00\u4ee4\u5f0f\u662f\u6307&#8221;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u8fbe\u6210\u67d0\u67d0\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a&#8221;\uff0c\u5b9a\u8a00\u4ee4\u5f0f\u662f\u6307\u67d0\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u5b9a\u8a00\u4ee4\u5f0f\u65e2\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898\u4e5f\u662f\u5148\u5929\u547d\u9898\u3002\u5b9a\u8a00\u4ee4\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u51c6\u5219\u53bb\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u5408\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u666e\u904d\u51c6\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u7f8e\u5fb7\u4e0d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u6240\u9884\u671f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u57fa\u4e8e\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f53\u4f5c\u672c\u8eab\u5373\u662f\u76ee\u7684\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u624b\u6bb5\uff09\u6765\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u8fd9\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A History of Western Philosophy \u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2 Bertrand Russell \u7f57\u7d20 9780415325059 \u5eb7\u5fb7\uff08Immanuel Kant\uff09\u662f18\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff08\u867d\u7136\u7f57\u7d20\u81ea\u5df1\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u8fd9\u4e48\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff09\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e66\u662f\u51fa\u7248\u4e8e1871\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u300b\uff08The Critique of Pure Reason\uff09\u3002 \u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u5e76\u4e14\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e24\u7ec4\u6982\u5ff5\u3002 \u5206\u6790\u547d\u9898 analytic proposition \u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898 synthetic proposition \u5206\u6790\u547d\u9898\u662f\u6307\u8c13\u8bed\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u5728\u4e3b\u8bed\u5176\u4e2d\u4e86\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982&#8221;\u7b49\u8fb9\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u662f\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62&#8221;\uff1b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u547d\u9898\u5168\u90e8\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898\u3002 \u5148\u5929\u547d\u9898 a priori proposition \u7ecf\u9a8c\u547d\u9898 empirical proposition \u7ecf\u9a8c\u547d\u9898\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u6211\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\uff1b\u5148\u5929\u547d\u9898\u5219\u662f\u6307\u5149\u9760\u7ecf\u9a8c\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u547d\u9898\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u611f\u5b98\u77e5\u89c9\uff0c\u5148\u5929\u547d\u9898\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0bXXX\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e24\u7ec4\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u547d\u9898\u90fd\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5206\u6790\u547d\u9898\u90fd\u662f\u5148\u5929\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898\u548c\u5148\u5929\u547d\u9898\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u6839\u636e\u4f11\u8c1f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5148\u5929\u547d\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b97\u6570\u3001\u5730\u7406\u90fd\u662f\u65e2\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898\u53c8\u662f\u5148\u5929\u547d\u9898\u3002 \u6839\u636e\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u501a\u8d56\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5730\u7406\u662f\u5148\u5929\u547d\u9898\u3002\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u662f&#8221;\u76f4\u89c2&#8221;\uff08Anschauung\uff09\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u670912\u79cd\u5148\u5929\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u7ec4\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u91cf\u7684\uff08\u5355\u4e00\u6027\u3001\u590d\u591a\u6027\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u6027\uff09\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u8d28\u7684\uff08\u5b9e\u5728\u6027\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u9650\u5236\u6027\uff09\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0e\u5076\u6027\u3001\u539f\u56e0\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff09\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u6837\u5f0f\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u3001\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\uff09\u3002 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