{"id":1868,"date":"2014-08-25T21:36:26","date_gmt":"2014-08-25T13:36:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/?p=1868"},"modified":"2014-08-25T21:36:26","modified_gmt":"2014-08-25T13:36:26","slug":"%e8%a5%bf%e6%96%b9%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e5%8f%b2%ef%bc%9a%e4%ba%9a%e9%87%8c%e5%a3%ab%e5%a4%9a%e5%be%b7%e4%bb%a5%e5%90%8e%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%a4%e4%bb%a3%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/?p=1868","title":{"rendered":"\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\uff1a\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
\"HoWP\"<\/a><\/td>\nA History of Western Philosophy<\/em>
\n\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2<\/em>
\nBertrand Russell<\/em>
\n\u7f57\u7d20<\/em>
\n9787100059954<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u5377\u4e00\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc7\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u3001\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u3001\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7bc7\u3002\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u5c31\u4ece\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u4e4b\u540e\u7b97\u8d77\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff08\u8fd8\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff09\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fd8\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u6458\u6284Kate\u5199\u7684minutes\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u6574\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u5e0c\u814a\u5316\u4e16\u754c The Hellenistic World\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u8bf4\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u81ea\u7531\u57ce\u90a6\u65f6\u4ee3 – \u88abPhilip\u548cAlexander\u7ec8\u6b62 – \u81ea\u7531&\u6df7\u4e71<\/li>\n
    2. \u9a6c\u5176\u987f\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f – \u88ab\u7f57\u9a6c\u7ec8\u6b62 – \u5c48\u670d&\u6df7\u4e71<\/li>\n
    3. \u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3 – \u5c48\u670d&\u79e9\u5e8f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6709Epicurean\uff08\u4f0a\u6bd4\u9e20\u9c81\u6d3e\uff09\uff0cStoic\uff08\u65af\u591a\u845b\u6d3e\uff09\uff0c\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u6d3e\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u5982\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u548c\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u516c\u5143\u524d3\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b0\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u516c\u51433\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u540e\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6e10\u6e10\u5730\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u8fce\u63a5\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5230\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

      Alexander\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u7248\u56fe\uff08\u4ece\u5c0f\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u534a\u5c9b\uff0c\u5230\u6ce2\u65af\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u6df1\u6df1\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff08\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u751a\u81f3\u4f5b\u6559\uff09\u90fd\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u3002\u867d\u7136Alexander\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9a6c\u5176\u987f\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u770b\u505a\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u533a\u57df\u9f13\u52b1\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u548c\u5f53\u5730\u91ce\u86ee\u4eba\u5171\u5b58\u3002 \u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u519b\u961f\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u6253\u4e0b\u6c5f\u5c71\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9a7b\u5b88\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u81e3\u6c11\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u53ef\u795e\u5723\u7684\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u800c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5f88\u9002\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u90a3\u4e48\u987a\u5229\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u795e\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u3002 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\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u6709\u53f2\u6599\u663e\u793a\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u5316\u3002\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u53d7\u5230\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u5f71\u54cd\u5f97\u66f4\u6df1\u3002Seleucus\uff08\u548c\u56fd\u738b\u91cd\u540d\uff09\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u575a\u6301Aristarchus\u5f97\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53e4\u4ee3\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4ece\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u8fbe\u7c73\u4e9a\u5411\u897f\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u662f\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9ed8\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u3002 \u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u5e0c\u814a\u5316\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u3002\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u5316\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5c06\u6765\u4f1a\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u7ec6\u8bf4\u3002 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      \u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u867d\u7136\u57ce\u90a6\u65f6\u4ee3\u66f4\u52a0\u4e71\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u4efd\u3002\u9a6c\u5176\u987f\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e71\uff0c\u662f\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5f3a\u52a0\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u51fa\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u601d\u8fa8\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ecb\u751f\u4e86\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u3001\u72ac\u5112\u3001\u65af\u591a\u845b\u6d3e\u3002 \u957f\u671f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u793e\u4f1a\u9053\u5fb7decay\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u613f\u610f\u8bb2\u7a76\u8bda\u5b9e\uff0c\u9c9c\u6709\u4eba\u8ffd\u6c42\u771f\u7406\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u771f\u7406\u7684\u652f\u67f1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u6e2f\u6e7e\u3002\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u6210\u4e86\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u72ac\u5112\u5b66\u6d3e\u4e0e\u6000\u7591\u6d3e Cynics and Sceptics<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Intellectuals\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5f97\u5173\u7cfb\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u9886\u5bfc\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u6d41\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u662f\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u662f\u7edd\u671b\u7684\u3002 \u9a6c\u5176\u987f\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u63a5\u8fd1\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u54f2\u5b66\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9677\u5165\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u201c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u597d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u5728\u8fd9\u55a7\u56a3\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u6301virtue\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

        Cynics\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\uff1aAntisthenes\uff0d\u662f\u4e2aremarkable\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u6452\u5f03\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8270\u6df1\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b66\u9053\u7406\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6700\u666e\u901a\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u80fd\u61c2\u7684\u3002\u2192\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751fDiogenes\uff0c\u5426\u8ba4\u6240\u6709\u73b0\u4e16\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u751f\u6d3b\u5f97\u50cf\u72d7\u4e00\u6837\u3002 \u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u73a9\u4e16\u4e0d\u606d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u539f\u5148\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u201c\u72d7\u201d\uff08Canine\/K9\uff09\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002\u539f\u5148\u7684\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5d07\u5c1a\u7b80\u6734\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684possesion\uff0c\u800c\u6ce8\u91cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684virtue\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u6ce8\u91cd\u8270\u6df1\u6666\u6da9\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u2192\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u88ab\u6d41\u4f20\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7acb\u9a6c\u5c31\u53d8\u5473\u4e86\u3002\u2192Cynics\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6\u597d\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2acynic\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u8981\u4e48\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4eba\u4e00\u5b9a\u53e6\u6709\u5c45\u5fc3\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4eba\u505a\u597d\u4e8b\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

        Scepticism\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u8005<\/span>\uff1a\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u5176\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u6210\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efbsense\u3002Pyrrho\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u3002\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3adogmatism doubt\u3002\u2192Timon\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u3002\u2192\u7531\u4e8e\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u5b66\u9662\u6709200\u5e74\u90fd\u88ab\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u4e3b\u5bfc\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u897f\u6765\u66ff\u8865\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u540e\u6765\u6d88\u9000\u4e86\u3002\u2192\u8fd1\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u6295\u9760\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u624d\u53c8\u6709\u62ac\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u4f0a\u6bd4\u9e20\u9c81\u6d3e The Epicureans<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u4f0a\u6bd4\u9e20\u9c81\u6d3e\u548c\u65af\u591a\u845b\u6d3e\u662f\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5148\u8003\u8651\u4f0a\u6bd4\u9e20\u9c81\u6d3e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\u3002\u5960\u57fa\u8005\u662fEpicurus\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u8eab\u4f53\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u592a\u591a\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5c31\u80fd\u751f\u6d3b\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u800c\u8d5e\u6210\u9759\u6001\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\u3002\u7f57\u7d20\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u6c38\u8fdc\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u521a\u521a\u9002\u5ea6\u5730\u5403\u9971\u5730\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u8981\u5904\u4e8e\u997f\u5f97\u5f88\u60f3\u5403\u996d\u5f97\u72b6\u6001\u3002Epicurus\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230Democritus\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u795e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u795e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6e3a\u5c0f\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n

          Epicurus\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u4f4d\u8bd7\u4eba\u53ebLucretius\uff0c\u662f\u4ec5\u6709\u7684\u4f0a\u6bd4\u9e20\u9c81\u6d3e\u7684\u540e\u7ee7\u8005\uff08\u4f0a\u6bd4\u9e20\u9c81\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4f20\u5230\u5982\u4eca\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u6027\u683c\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u7740\u8bd7\u4eba\u7684\u6fc0\u60c5\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u96ea\u83b1\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u8bd7\u4eba\u3002\uff08\u800c\u96ea\u83b1\u662f\u7f57\u7d20\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u8bd7\u4eba\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

          \u4f0a\u6bd4\u9e20\u9c81\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u654c\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5927\u4f17appeal\u7684\u3002\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53c8\u88ab\u62ff\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u53cd\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u53c8revive\u4e86\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u65af\u591a\u845b\u4e3b\u4e49 Stoicism<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u65af\u591a\u845b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u662f\u829d\u8bfa\uff08Zeno\uff09\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u524d\u56db\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u534a\u53f6\u7684\u585e\u6d66\u8def\u65af\u5c9b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b66\u6d3e\u575a\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5b66\u8bf4\u662f\u6709\u5173\u5b87\u5b99\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u3002\u829d\u8bfa\u76f8\u4fe1\u6ca1\u6709\u5076\u7136\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6837\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u5f8b\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u662f\u706b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9010\u6e10\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u573a\u5b87\u5b99\u5927\u71c3\u70e7\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u53c8\u90fd\u53d8\u6210\u706b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u90fd\u4e0e\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u201d\u548c\u8c10\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6b63\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u5f8b\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u800c\u5c31\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5b83\u662f\u4e0e\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u201d\u76f8\u8c03\u548c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u552f\u6709\u5fb7\u884c\u624d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5584\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u5fb7\u884c\u5728\u4e8e\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4eba\u751f\u4e2d\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u597d\u548c\u574f\u53ea\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u7136\u540e\u7f57\u7d20\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u660e\u663e\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5fb7\u884c\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5584\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8981\u53cd\u5bf9\u6b8b\u9177\u548c\u4e0d\u6b63\u4e49\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b8b\u9177\u548c\u4e0d\u6b63\u4e49\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8003\u9a8c\u953b\u70bc\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u8df5\u5fb7\u884c\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e16\u754c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u5f8b\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6211\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5fb7\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u548c\u7531\u5fb7\u884c\u6240\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65af\u591a\u845b\u4e3b\u4e49\u8868\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u51b7\u9177\u65e0\u60c5\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5fb7\u884c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u4e0e\u4f60\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u65af\u591a\u845b\u6d3e\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8981\u884c\u5584\u624d\u6709\u5fb7\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u5fb7\u624d\u884c\u5584\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u829d\u8bfa\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\u662f\u963f\u7d22\u65af\u7684\u514b\u96f7\u5b89\u5fb7\uff08Cleanthes\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u5168\u5fc3\u8d5e\u7f8e\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u5fc3\u592a\u9633\uff0f\u5b99\u65af\u51fa\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u65af\u591a\u845b\u6d3e\u662f\u514b\u5415\u897f\u666e\uff08Chrysippus\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ee7\u7eed\u628a\u65af\u591a\u845b\u6d3e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u3001\u8fc2\u8150\u5316\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u7075\u9b42\uff0c\u514b\u96f7\u5b89\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u5207\u7075\u9b42\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u5168\u5b87\u5b99\u5927\u706b\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u800c\u514b\u5415\u897f\u666e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u552f\u6709\u6709\u667a\u6167\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u624d\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u65af\u591a\u845b\u6d3e\u662f\u6f58\u5c3c\u63d0\u4e4c\uff08Panaetius\uff09\u548c\u6ce2\u6614\u4e1c\u5c3c\uff08Posidonius\uff09\u3002\u6f58\u5c3c\u63d0\u4e4c\u52a0\u8fdb\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u6210\u5206\u7684\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1b\u6ce2\u6614\u4e1c\u5c3c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6298\u8877\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u628a\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6559\u8bad\u548c\u65af\u591a\u845b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u7075\u9b42\uff0c\u6f58\u5c3c\u63d0\u4e4c\u89c9\u5f97\u7075\u9b42\u968f\u8eab\u4f53\u4e00\u8d77\u6d88\u706d\uff0c\u6ce2\u6614\u4e1c\u5c3c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7075\u9b42\u7ee7\u7eed\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u5168\u5b87\u5b99\u5927\u706b\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u548c\u65af\u591a\u845b\u6d3e\u6709\u5173\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u540d\u4eba\u662f\u585e\u6d85\u5361\uff08Seneca\uff09\u3001\u7231\u6bd4\u514b\u6cf0\u5fb7\uff08Epictetus\uff09\u548c\u9a6c\u5c14\u5e93\u65af\u30fb\u5965\u52d2\u7559\uff08Marcus Aurelius\uff09\u3002\u585e\u6d85\u5361\u662f\u7f57\u9a6c\u7687\u5e1d\u5c3c\u7f57\u7684\u8001\u5e08\uff1b\u7231\u6bd4\u514b\u6cf0\u5fb7\u672c\u662f\u5974\u96b6\uff0c\u53c8\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3c\u7f57\u7684\u5927\u81e3\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u5883\uff1b\u9a6c\u5c14\u5e93\u65af\u30fb\u5965\u52d2\u7559\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e2a\u7f57\u9a6c\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u8457\u6709\u300a\u6c89\u601d\u96c6\u300b\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u52a8\u4e71\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u65af\u591a\u845b\u6d3e\u6295\u5c04\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5fcd\u53d7\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u53ea\u662f\u8089\u4f53\u7684\u56da\u72af\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u7231\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u654c\u4eba\uff1b\u65e0\u8bba\u5b87\u5b99\u5bf9\u4f60\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5176\u56e0\u679c\u8574\u6db5\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u7ec7\u5c31\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u7ebf\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u7f57\u7d20\u5c31\u65af\u591a\u845b\u6d3e\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u77db\u76fe\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u77db\u76fe\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u5b9a\u547d\u8bba\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u683c\u5b9a\u547d\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u53c8\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u3002\u65af\u591a\u845b\u6d3e\u7684\u53cd\u9a73\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u5177\u6709\u795e\u6027\u7075\u9b42\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u5730\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\u800c\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u795e\u6027\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u795e\u6027\u90e8\u5206\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u5fb7\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u610f\u5fd7\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u795e\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u3002\u7f57\u7d20\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591f\u597d\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u6982\u5730\u8bf4\u6709\u5fb7\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u662f\u65af\u591a\u845b\u6d3e\u7279\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u8fb9\u5728\u5ba3\u626c\u4ec1\u7231\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u4e3b\u5f20\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u5fb7\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u539f\u56e0\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u522b\u4eba\u4e3a\u5584\u548c\u4f5c\u6076\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u5b9e\u65af\u591a\u845b\u6d3e\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u4e24\u79cd\u4f26\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9ad8\u7b49\u4f26\u7406\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5bf9\u201c\u4e0d\u77e5\u6cd5\u5ea6\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u6559\u517b\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u4f4e\u7b49\u4f26\u7406\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u65af\u591a\u845b\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9178\u8461\u8404\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u798f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5584\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5584\uff0c\u5c31\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u88c5\u4f5c\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5e78\u4e0d\u52a0\u8ba1\u8f83\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u65af\u591a\u845b\u6d3e\u9664\u4e86\u4f26\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u522b\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u611f\u5b98\u7684\u6b3a\u9a97\u6027\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u865a\u5047\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7a0d\u5fae\u7528\u5fc3\u4e00\u70b9\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5148\u5929\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6f14\u7ece\u7684\u6700\u521d\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65af\u591a\u845b\u6d3e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u660e\u767d\u5f97\u900f\u4eae\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u4eba\u90fd\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6f14\u7ece\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u572816-18\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5929\u8d4b\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u53f6\u662f\u65af\u591a\u845b\u6d3e\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u590d\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5173\u7cfb The Roman Empire in Relation to Culture<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

               <\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u666e\u7f57\u63d0\u8bfa Plotinus<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Plotinus\uff0c\u662fNeoplatonism\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u8005\u3002\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\uff1a\u540e\u6765\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6c72\u53d6\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002 \u6487\u5f00\u5386\u53f2\u4e0d\u8c08\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7f8e\u611f\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4eba\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002Plotinus\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5904\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u4e0d\u5e78\u798f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u51b3\u5fc3\u5728\u601d\u7ef4\u6216\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u3002<\/p>\n

                Plotinus\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4ed6\u89e3\u91ca\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u6781\u4e3a\u5c0a\u656c\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u548c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u72ac\u5112\u5b66\u6d3e\u548c\u4f0a\u6bd4\u9e20\u9c81\u5b66\u6d3e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u5d07\u656c\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u7136\u540e\u8bf4\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u5b66\u8bf4\uff1aThe One, The Spirit, The Soul\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002The One\u662f\u201c\u592a\u4e00\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u6700\u5927\u6700\u5143\u7684\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff1b\u7136\u540eThe Spirit\u5c31\u662f\u201cnous\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u201c\u5fc3\u667a\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u662f\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u201c\u7075\u6027\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4e1c\u897f\uff08\u9664\u4e86\u4eba\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\uff09\uff1b\u6700\u540eThe Soul\u662f\u201c\u7cbe\u795e\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u4e8e\u8089\u4f53\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff08\u52a8\u7269\u4e5f\u6709\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u53cd\u6b63\u7f57\u7d20\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u53cdsense\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u6bd4\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u8fd8\u8981\u597d\u3002\u7136\u540e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u54f2\u5b66\u5c31\u8d70\u5411\u8fd9\u6761\u201c\u5426\u5b9a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u83b7\u5f97\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d\u7684\u4e0d\u5f52\u8def\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u54f2\u5b66\u6559\u5bfc\u4eba\u4eeclook within\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u5c31\u6709\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u82d7\u5934\u5c31\u88ab\u627c\u6740\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                A History of Western Philosophy \u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2 Bertrand Russell \u7f57\u7d20 9787100059954 \u5377\u4e00\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc7\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u3001\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u3001\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7bc7\u3002\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u5c31\u4ece\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u4e4b\u540e\u7b97\u8d77\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff08\u8fd8\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff09\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fd8\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u6458\u6284Kate\u5199\u7684minutes\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u6574\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[439],"class_list":["post-1868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yesha","tag-bertrand-russell"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1868","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1868"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1868\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1868"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1868"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1868"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}