{"id":1690,"date":"2014-02-03T20:23:49","date_gmt":"2014-02-03T12:23:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/?p=1690"},"modified":"2014-02-04T23:41:20","modified_gmt":"2014-02-04T15:41:20","slug":"%e8%a5%bf%e6%96%b9%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e5%8f%b2%ef%bc%9a%e5%89%8d%e8%8b%8f%e6%a0%bc%e6%8b%89%e5%ba%95%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e5%ae%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/?p=1690","title":{"rendered":"\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\uff1a\u524d\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6"},"content":{"rendered":"<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/HoWP.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-1691\" alt=\"HoWP\" src=\"https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/HoWP.jpg\" width=\"260\" height=\"258\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/HoWP.jpg 260w, https:\/\/yanntardis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/HoWP-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td><em>A History of Western Philosophy<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Bertrand Russell<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u7f57\u7d20<\/em><br \/>\n<em>9787100059954<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u5728\u548c\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u8bfb\u5b8cGEB\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u90e8\u5934\u662f\u7f57\u7d20\u7684\u300a\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\u300b\u3002\u6211\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u51e0\u53e5\u8bdd\u6982\u62ec\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ae0\u8282\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5361\u7247\u5f0f\u7684\u5f52\u7eb3\u770b\u4f3c\u6bd4\u8f83\u673a\u68b0\uff0c\u6a2a\u5411\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u662f\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u60f3\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4f46\u4e5f\u663e\u5929\u771f\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u591f\u6211\u7528\u4e5f\u5c31\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6458\u6284Kate\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/www.douban.com\/group\/dwbc\/\">minutes<\/a>\uff0c\u591a\u8c22\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5174\u8d77 The Rise of Greek Civilization<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u56db\u5927\u6587\u660e\u53e4\u56fd\u90fd\u90a3\u4e48\u8f89\u714c\u548c\u51fa\u540d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u73b0\u5728\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u7559\u4e0b\u957f\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u5374\u53ea\u6709\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u3002\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5939\u6742\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u57c3\u53ca\u795e\u5b66\u3001\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u6587\u660e\u3001\u514b\u91cc\u7279\u6587\u660e\u3001\u8fc8\u9521\u5c3c\u6587\u660e\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u6b27\u7f57\u5df4\u5b97\u6559\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u5f80\u6765\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u5757\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u70ed\u571f\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u524d\u8d74\u540e\u7ee7\u5730\u767e\u82b1\u4e89\u8273\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u770b\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f88\u81ea\u89c9\u5730\u628a\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66he\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u4f5c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u6211\u5f88\u60ca\u5f02\u4e8e\u5728\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u56db\u5468\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e4\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u5730\u9891\u7e41\u4e14\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u660e\u4e0e\u6587\u660e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u78b0\u649e\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u7684\u679c\u5b9e\u3002\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u786e\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u5728\u5206\u4e45\u5fc5\u5408\u5408\u4e45\u5fc5\u5206\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u771f\u7684\u6d41\u4f20\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ec5\u6709\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u5934\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u72b9\u5b58\u4f46\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d1\u626c\u5149\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7c73\u5229\u90fd\u5b66\u6d3e The Milesian School<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6cf0\u52d2\u65af\uff08Thales\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u9884\u6d4b\u8fc7\u65e5\u8680\u3002\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e07\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u6c34\u6784\u6210\u7684\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u8bf4\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6ca1\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u9884\u6d4b\u5230\u6a44\u6984\u4e30\u6536\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ee5\u4f4e\u4ef7\u79df\u4e0b\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u69a8\u6a44\u6984\u6cb9\u7684\u5668\u5177\uff0c\u4e30\u6536\u540e\u4ee5\u9ad8\u4ef7\u79df\u51fa\u6323\u4e86\u4e00\u7b14\u3002\u8fd9\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\u6323\u94b1\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5fc3\u601d\u4e0d\u5728\u6323\u94b1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u963f\u90a3\u514b\u897f\u66fc\u5fb7\uff08Anaximander\uff09\u3002\u8ba4\u4e3ajustice\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c34\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6c34\u3001\u571f\u3001\u706b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u90a3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e16\u754c\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6c34\u5f81\u670d\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u4e2a\u5a74\u513f\uff0c\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b58\u6d3b\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bd5\u56fe\u5236\u4f5c\u5730\u56fe\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u662f\u4e2a\u5706\u67f1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u963f\u90a3\u514b\u897f\u7f8e\u5c3c\uff08Anaximenes\uff09\u3002\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u662f\u5706\u684c\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e07\u7269\u7531\u7a7a\u6c14\u6784\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6bd5\u8fbe\u54e5\u62c9\u65af Pythagoras<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5176\u5b9e\u6709\u4e24\u6d3e\u5728\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u6765\u770b\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751f\/\u6559\u6d3e\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5947\u602a\u7684\u6559\u89c4\uff1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5403\u8c46\u5b50\u4e4b\u7c7b\uff1b\u4ed6\u8fd8\u575a\u51b3\u76f8\u4fe1\u7075\u9b42\u8f6e\u56de\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3aall things are numbers\u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u5373\u6bd5\u8fbe\u54e5\u62c9\u65af\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u52fe\u80a1\u5b9a\u7406\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd5\u8fbe\u54e5\u62c9\u65af\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u6839\u53f72\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65e0\u7406\u6570\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e4b\u540e\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6bd5\u8fbe\u54e5\u62c9\u65af\u628a\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u795e\u5b66\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7eaf\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u753b\u7684\u70b9\u3001\u7ebf\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bfb\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u756a\u5173\u4e8e\u611f\u5b98\u548c\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u60f3\u4e0d\u8d77\u6765\u5404\u65b9\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\u70b9\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8d6b\u62c9\u514b\u5229\u65af Heraclitus<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u5728\u53d8\u52a8\u3002\u201c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e24\u6b21\u8e0f\u5165\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u6cb3\u201d\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u5c31\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u4ed6\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u706b\u548c\u5e72\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u6c34\u3001\u6f6e\u6e7f\u662f\u574f\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5f88\u9119\u89c6\u522b\u4eba\u3002\u597d\u50cf\u559c\u6b22\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u90fd\u5f88\u8822\u53ea\u6709\u5916\u529b\u624d\u80fd\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u505a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7acb\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e0a\u5761\u548c\u4e0b\u5761\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u8def\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6076\uff0c\u5584\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5df4\u95e8\u5c3c\u5fb7 Parmenides\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4ed6\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\uff08metaphysics\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u6307\u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u6027\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u900f\u8fc7\u611f\u77e5\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u6e90\u81ea\u300a\u6613\u7ecf\u300b\u201c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u8005\u8c13\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0b\u8005\u8c13\u4e4b\u5668\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20nothing changes\u3002\u8bba\u636e\u662f\uff1a\u4f60\u601d\u8003\u6216\u8bf4\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u601d\u8003\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u800c\u4f60\u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u65f6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u60f3\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u4e0d\u582a\u4e00\u51fb\u3002\u7f57\u7d20\u63a8\u5012\u5df4\u95e8\u5c3c\u5fb7\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4ed6\u9519\u5728\u4e86\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4eba\u8c08\u8bba\u7684\u4e54\u6cbb\u534e\u76db\u987f\uff0c\u548c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u8c08\u8bba\u7684\u4e54\u6cbb\u534e\u76db\u987f\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002 \u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5176\u5b9e\u5df4\u95e8\u5c3c\u5fb7\u7684\u63a8\u65ad\u662f\u8d70\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u6bb5\u63a8\u5bfc\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u8bed\u8a00\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0e\u6d88\u4ea1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e16\u754c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u8bed\u8a00\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8bed\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u4e00\u53e5\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6784\u6210\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7f57\u7d20\u7684\u7740\u624b\u70b9\u662f\u5df4\u95e8\u5c3c\u5fb7\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u63a8\u5bfc\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u63a8\u5bfc\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u63a8\u5bfc\u91cc\u627e\u51fa\u6bdb\u75c5\u6765\u63a8\u7ffb\u5df4\u95e8\u5c3c\u5fb7\u5462\uff1f\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u7334\u5b50\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7cfb\u7edf\u5343\u767e\u5e74\u6765\u672a\u66fe\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7334\u5b50\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5f97\u51fa\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0e\u6d88\u4ea1\u201d\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\u5e76\u975e\u5929\u65b9\u591c\u8c2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u6210\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5143\u7d20\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5df2\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u53d8\u5316\u201d\u4e0a\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6069\u57f9\u591a\u514b\u52d2 Empedocles<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4ed6\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u7a7a\u6c14\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u79bb\u5fc3\u529b\u3001\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u7b49\u7b49\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u5b87\u5b99\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u7531\u571f\u3001\u6c14\u3001\u706b\u3001\u6c34\u56db\u5143\u7d20\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u6709love\u548cstrife\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u6297\u8861\u4e0e\u4e92\u76f8\u8f6c\u6362\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u7531chance\u548cneccesity\u638c\u63a7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u96c5\u5178\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5173\u7cfb Athens in Relation to Culture<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\u4e86\u7f57\u7d20\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u96c5\u5178\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u963f\u90a3\u514b\u8428\u54e5\u62c9 Anaxagoras<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u9650\u5206\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u591a\u5c0f\u90fd\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u7740\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e1c\u897f\u3002mind(nous)\u53e6\u5f53\u522b\u8bba\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u5207motion\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u7684\u667a\u529b\u533a\u522b\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u975e\u5e38mechanical\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u504f\u79d1\u5b66\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u8c61\u540e\u6765\u7684\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u66f4\u504f\u4f26\u7406\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u628a\u54f2\u5b66\u5e26\u5165\u96c5\u5178\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u8005 The Atomists<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u67092\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u7559\u57fa\u6ce2\uff08Leucippus\uff09\u548c\u5fb7\u8c1f\u514b\u5229\u7279\uff08Democritus\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u70b9\u5b58\u7591\u30022\u4eba\u8c01\u5199\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u6709\u70b9\u754c\u9650\u4e0d\u6e05\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6bd4\u8f83\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u8c61\u522b\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u90a3\u6837\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u6709\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u8fd0\u52a8\u90fd\u8d70\u5411\u90a3\u4e2a\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd0\u52a8\u90fd\u9075\u5faa\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u6216\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u95eewhy\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u95ee\u76ee\u7684(teleological)\u7b2c\u4e8c\u662f\u95ee\u4ec0\u4e48\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5b83(mechanistic)\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u51e1\u662f\u662f\u56e0\u673a\u7f18\u4fc3\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2acause\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cdmechanism\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u4ec0\u4e48\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f46\u770b\u6765\u6cbf\u7740mechanistic\u7684\u8def\u8d70\u4e0b\u53bb\u4f1a\u8d70\u5411\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u800cteleological\u7684\u8def\u4e0d\u80fd\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u56e0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u8005\u4e5f\u60f3\u89e3\u51b3Parmenides\u7684\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u8352\u5510\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u8005\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\uff1a\u6709void\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\uff08\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u5b9e\u6ca1\u6709void\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u8fd0\u52a8\uff09 \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u8fd0\u52a8\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709void\u3002\u6709void\u624d\u6709\u5730\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u52a8\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff1avoid\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u5730\u65b9\u5374\u6ca1\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u63a8\u5230\u6781\u9650\u5c31\u662f\u725b\u987f\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u800c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4e89\u6267\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u524d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e86\u725b\u987f\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5426\u5219\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u201c\u5730\u7403\u7ed5\u7740\u592a\u9633\u8f6c\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u592a\u9633\u7ed5\u7740\u5730\u7403\u8f6c\u201d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u7f62\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u5179\u548c\u725b\u987f\u6301\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u5426\u8ba4\u7edd\u5bf9\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u76f8\u5bf9\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u5179\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u540e\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u666e\u7f57\u6cf0\u6208\u62c9 Protagoras<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8bf4\u5230\u8fd9\u4f4dProtagoras\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u7f57\u7d20\u60f3\u8fde\u5e26\u4ecb\u7ecd\u201c\u667a\u8005\u201d\uff08Sophists\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684Sophists\u662f\u6559\u4eba\u8be1\u8fa9\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6559\u5b66\u8981\u6536\u8d39\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u4eba\u6bd4\u8f83\u201c\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8be1\u8fa9\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83inpious\u3002Protagoras\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u89c2\u70b9\u662fMan is the measure of all things\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u88c1\u5224\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fa9\u8bba\u672f\u6765\u8fbe\u6210\u3002Sophists\u50cf\u73b0\u4ee3\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u89c2\u70b9\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba9\u90a3\u4e9b\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f88\u9707\u60ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e48\u8f7b\u6d6e\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u3002\u4ece\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bb0\u5f55\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8be1\u8fa9\u5bb6\u7684\u786e\u5f88\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u90a3\u4e2a\u8bf4\u72d7\u5b9d\u5b9d\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff09\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u6700\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0Protagoras\u7684\u662f\u90a3\u5219\u522b\u4eba\u675c\u64b0\u7684\u8f76\u4e8b\uff1aProtagoras\u6559\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8bc9\u8bbc\u91cc\u83b7\u80dc\u624d\u9700\u8981\u4ea4\u5b66\u8d39\u3002\u7136\u540e\u8fd9\u4f4d\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8bc9\u8bbc\u5c31\u662fProtagoras\u63a7\u544a\u4ed6\uff0c\u8981\u4ed6\u4ea4\u5b66\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u975e\u5e38\u770b\u4e0d\u8d77\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9bSophists\u65e0\u5e95\u7ebf\uff0c\u5148\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5b9a\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u518d\u53bb\u627e\u5404\u79cd\u8bba\u636e\u3002\u800c\u7f57\u7d20\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5bf9\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u4e0d\u6ee1\u4e86\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u6211\u611f\u89c9\u7f57\u7d20\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u5c31\u662f\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u5bf9\u4e8eSophists\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7Sophists\u662f\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u800c\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u8bba\u636e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u201c\u771f\u5c0f\u4eba\u201d\uff1b\u800c\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u662f\u575a\u5b9a\u4e86\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u800c\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u8bba\u636e\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u4f2a\u541b\u5b50\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A History of Western Philosophy \u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2 Bertrand Russell \u7f57\u7d20 9787100059954 \u5728\u548c\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u8bfb\u5b8cGEB\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u90e8\u5934\u662f\u7f57\u7d20\u7684\u300a\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\u300b\u3002\u6211\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u51e0\u53e5\u8bdd\u6982\u62ec\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ae0\u8282\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5361\u7247\u5f0f\u7684\u5f52\u7eb3\u770b\u4f3c\u6bd4\u8f83\u673a\u68b0\uff0c\u6a2a\u5411\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u662f\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u60f3\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4f46\u4e5f\u663e\u5929\u771f\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u591f\u6211\u7528\u4e5f\u5c31\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6458\u6284Kate\u7684minutes\uff0c\u591a\u8c22\u3002 \u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5174\u8d77 The Rise of Greek Civilization \u56db\u5927\u6587\u660e\u53e4\u56fd\u90fd\u90a3\u4e48\u8f89\u714c\u548c\u51fa\u540d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u73b0\u5728\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u7559\u4e0b\u957f\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u5374\u53ea\u6709\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u3002\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5939\u6742\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u57c3\u53ca\u795e\u5b66\u3001\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u6587\u660e\u3001\u514b\u91cc\u7279\u6587\u660e\u3001\u8fc8\u9521\u5c3c\u6587\u660e\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u6b27\u7f57\u5df4\u5b97\u6559\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u5f80\u6765\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u5757\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u70ed\u571f\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u524d\u8d74\u540e\u7ee7\u5730\u767e\u82b1\u4e89\u8273\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u770b\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f88\u81ea\u89c9\u5730\u628a\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66he\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u4f5c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u6211\u5f88\u60ca\u5f02\u4e8e\u5728\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u56db\u5468\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e4\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u5730\u9891\u7e41\u4e14\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u660e\u4e0e\u6587\u660e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u78b0\u649e\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u7684\u679c\u5b9e\u3002\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u786e\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u5728\u5206\u4e45\u5fc5\u5408\u5408\u4e45\u5fc5\u5206\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u771f\u7684\u6d41\u4f20\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ec5\u6709\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u5934\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u72b9\u5b58\u4f46\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d1\u626c\u5149\u5927\u3002 \u7c73\u5229\u90fd\u5b66\u6d3e The Milesian School \u6cf0\u52d2\u65af\uff08Thales\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u9884\u6d4b\u8fc7\u65e5\u8680\u3002\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e07\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u6c34\u6784\u6210\u7684\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u8bf4\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6ca1\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u9884\u6d4b\u5230\u6a44\u6984\u4e30\u6536\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ee5\u4f4e\u4ef7\u79df\u4e0b\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u69a8\u6a44\u6984\u6cb9\u7684\u5668\u5177\uff0c\u4e30\u6536\u540e\u4ee5\u9ad8\u4ef7\u79df\u51fa\u6323\u4e86\u4e00\u7b14\u3002\u8fd9\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\u6323\u94b1\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5fc3\u601d\u4e0d\u5728\u6323\u94b1\u3002 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